A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of the Structure Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Prevention of Vector Borne Disease among Adolescents of selected Village in Mehsana District

 

Mr. Kaushal Patidar¹, Ms. Rashmi Bhagora², Ms. Mamta Chaudhary²

¹HOD of Medical Surgical Department, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

²4th year B.Sc. Nursing student, Joitiba college of Nursing, Bhandu, Dist: Mehsana

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: Vector -borne disease are infection transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatominebugs, sandflies, and blackflies. Aims and Objective: To assess the pretest knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease among adolescents of selected village in Mehsana district. To evaluate the effectiveness structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease among adolescents of selected village in Mehsana district. To find out association between pretest knowledge and selected demographic variables. Methods- The data were collected from 60 Adolescents by “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique with the use structured questionnaire and one group pretest posttest design was used. Results : In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group (13-14y) 46.67%,Gender 58.33% (Male),Religion 98.33%(Hindu),Type of family 51.67% (Nuclear),Housing facility 91.67% (Pakka house),Education 100%(Secondary) , Monthly income 45% (<10,000) . The post-test knowledge mean score (17.62±4.00) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (13.77±2.97). Hence it can be inferred that the structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of adolescents regarding vector borne disease. There was highly significant difference found between pretest and posttest knowledge scores and there was no significant association found between pretest knowledge knowledge scores with demographic variable. Conclusion: Structured teaching programme found to be effective in improving the knowledge of adolescents regarding prevention of vector borne disease.

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Vector -borne disease are infection transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, triatominebugs, sandflies, and blackflies. Arthropod vector are cold-blooded (ectothermic) and thus especially sensitive to climatic factors. Weather influences survival and reproduction rate of Europe and are the best studied diseases vector. vector- borne disease wide spread in associated with climate change, which is reflected in this review¹.Every year there are more than 1 billion cases and over 1 million deaths from vector-borne disease such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, human African trypanosomiasis, chagas disease. Vector borne disease account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more than 1 million deaths annually².

 

Health is a condition or quality of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of the organism in given conditions, genetic and environmental.³ Eco-health is collaboration of ecology and human health⁴. Ecology of health is the science of mutual relationship between living organisms and their environments. Prevention of disease through ecological or environmental manipulations or inventions is much safer, cheaper and a more effective approach than all the other means of control.³

 

Mosquitoes are a vector agent that carries disease causing viruses and parasite from person to person without catching the disease themselves. Epidemic of mosquito borne disease are nowadays major health problem in India. Historically before mosquito transmitted diseases were brought under control, they caused tens of thousands of deaths in most of the countries. Mosquitoes were shown to be the cause by which yellow fever and malaria were transmitted from person to person ⁵

 

Vector-borne diseases are carried out by arthropod or living carrier that transports an infectious agent to a susceptible individual, the transmission by a vector may be mechanical or biological. Mosquito-borne diseases mainly spread by bite of mosquito. Malaria, filariasis and dengue fever are three common diseases transmitted by mosquito and they are seen commonly. Even though the vector is too small, the extent of effect is seen a threat to the human life. ⁶

 

According to WHO Malaria is a public health problem in more than 109 countries. Worldwide prevalence of the disease is estimated to be in the order of 300-500million clinical cases each year. Mortality due to malaria is estimated to be 1.5 to 2.7million deaths each year. In India about 27% population lives in malaria high transmission area and 58% of population in low transmission areas. The most affected states are north-eastern states, Chattisgarh, Jharkand, Madhya Pradhesh, Maharastra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal and Karnataka.

 

NEED OF THE STUDY:

In India, mosquito vector borne disease like malaria, dengue, chikungunya and filariasis recently had multiple out break since 2005. India has no clearing house for information about the debilitating infection and convalescence.

 

Usually in rural area with high population density, poor sanitation and large number of desert coolers, discarded wastes, poor personal hygiene, cattle feeding and drinking etc. promote mosquito breeding at high risk. The government claims steps have been taken to control the disease 2, 80,201 people in 26 districts have been affected.

 

Mosquito borne disease are prevalent in more than 100 countries infecting 300-500 million people and causing about 1 million deaths per year. In India, more than 40 million people suffer from mosquito disease annually malaria and other vector borne disease are major contributors to the global burden of disease significant impediment to socioeconomic development in poor countries. It is estimated that 300-660 million clinical attacks of malaria occur globally which result is at least 1million death. ⁷

 

According to statistics, every year there are more than 1 billion cases and over 1 million death from vector borne disease such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever, human African, trypanosomiasis, chagas disease. Recently 2016 February, vector borne disease account for more than 17% of all infectious disease causing more than 1 million deaths annually ⁷

 

In malaria 2012 there were about 207 million cases of malaria and an estimated 62,700 death.96% of the total malaria cases and 98% of total malaria deaths in the world.90% malaria death happen in rural area of India. WHO estimates there may be more than 100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. More than 2.5 billion people over 40% of the world population are now at risk of dengue. Chikungunya including India; where 14, 00,000 cases were reported during 2006. Every year there are around 2, 00,000 cases of illness and 30,000 deaths from yellow fever.

 

Vector control programme conduct surveillance only for the disease and vector. However, for prevention and control mosquitoes nuisance another critical variable is human behavior. As it related to management of vector larval habitats and disease recognition and response. Hence there in need to focus on knowledge of the disease and its control. So, the researcher is intended to provide a structure teaching programme to the rural adolescents with a view of create awareness about vector control measures thereby preventing the of vector borne disease.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A study to assess the effectiveness of the structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease among adolescents of selected village in Mehsana district.”

 

OBJECTIVE:

1.      To assess the pretest knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease among adolescents.

2.      To evaluate the effectiveness structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease among adolescents.

3.      To find out association between pretest knowledge and selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHISIS:

H1: there will be significant difference between pretest knowledge score and post test knowledge score.

H2: there will be a significance association between knowledge score and selected demographic variable.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Pre experimental one group pre test post test design and evaluative research approach was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease. The data were collected from 60 Adolescents. “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique were used. A structured questionnaire (closed ended) was selected to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of vector borne disease.

 

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of teaching programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest knowledge of adolescents with selected demographic variables.

 

Finding related to demographic data:

Highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group (13-14y) 46.67%, Gender 58.33% (Male), Religion 98.33%(Hindu),Type of family 51.67% (Nuclear), Housing facility 91.67% (Pakka house), Education 100%(Secondary education), Monthly family income 45% (<10,000),

 

Finding related to pre and post knowledge score:

The data showed that, in the pretest majority of adolescents (83.33%) had average knowledge, (16.67%) had poor knowledge, and (00%) had good knowledge regarding vector borne disease. But in the posttest majority of adolescentss (70%) had average knowledge, (26.67%) had good knowledge and (3.33%) had poor knowledge.

 

 

 

Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:

Table 1: Distribution of subject on paired ‘t’ test between pretest and posttest knowledge score regarding vector borne disease among adolescents

Parameter	Mean	Standard Deviation	Mean %	‘t’ value
Pre-test	13.77	2.97	49.5%	t=35.55* d.f.=59
Post-test	17.62	4.00	58.7%

 

Finding related to association between pretest knowledge score of adolescents with selected demographic variables:

The findings demonstrated that there was no significant association between pretest knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. It was interpreted that the pretest knowledge score regarding vector borne disease among adolescentss were not influenced by the demographic variables.

 

CONCLUSION:

The study findings concluded that adolescents had average knowledge regarding vector borne diseases before STP. After structured teaching programme adolescents have improve the knowledge. The study that concludes that the structured teaching programme is an effective technique in inducing the knowledge level of adolescentss regarding vector borne disease.

 

REFERENCE:

1.     International Journal of Nursing Education Volume 8 Number 2 April-June 2016. Page no:-87

2.     www.who.int>mediacentre>factsheets.

3.     Park K. Text Book of Preventive And Social Medicine. 20^th ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2008.

4.     Meaning of Eco-health. Available from URL:http:// www.ecohealth101.org

5.     Gubler DJ, Clark G.G, “The emergency of global health problem emergency infection diseases”. CAB International 1995: 26(2):55-7

6.     Guerra CA the global distribution and population at risk of malaria past, present and future 2004, Page no:-327-336

7.     Apps.who.int>iris>handle.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 19.09.2017           Modified on 16.10.2017

Accepted on 25.10.2017     © A&V Publications all right reserved